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About sexual violence

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What is sexual violence?

It is a serious situation that affects many women around the world.

It can originate from known people such as partners, relatives, neighbours, bosses… and also unknown people.

It can happen at home or at work, on the street, in sports environments… It is normal for it to leave physical and psychological scars but it can also be overcome with specialised professional help.

What types of sexual violence are there?

  • Sexual assault
  • Sexual harassment
  • Sexual exhibitionism and provocation
  • Female genital mutilation
  • Forced marriage
  • Trafficking for sexual exploitation purposes
  • Sexual violence in the digital sphere
  • Sexual feminicide

CONSENT

Consent means actively agreeing with carrying out activities of a sexual nature with a person. Consent indicates to the other person that we wish to have sexual intercourse. Sexual activity without consent is rape or sexual assault.

Sexual consent is an agreement to participate in a sexual activity. Before having sexual intercourse with another person, you must know whether this person agrees. It is important to be honest with your partner about what you want/do not want to do.

Consenting and requesting consent consists of establishing your personal limits and respecting those of your partner; you must ask again if things are not clear. For it to be consensual, both people must agree on having sexual intercourse, each and every time.

Without consent, the sexual activity (including oral sex, touching genitals and vaginal or anal penetration) is sexual assault or rape.

The basic concepts about consent are included here. Consent has the following characteristics:

  • It is given freely. To consent is an option you take without pressure, without manipulation or without the influence of drugs or alcohol.
  • It is enthusiastic. When it comes to sex, you must do the things you WANT to do, not what you are expected to do.
  • It is specific. Saying yes to something (such as going to the bedroom to kiss) does not mean you accept doing other things (such as having sexual intercourse).
  • It is given while being informed. You can only consent to something if you have all the relevant information. For example, if someone says they will use a condom and then they do not, there was not full consent.
  • It is reversible. Anyone can change their mind about what they want to do, at any time. Even if you have done it before and you are both naked in bed. You have the last word about what happens with your body. It doesn't matter if you have done it before or if you said yes and then changed your mind. You have the right to say "stop" at any moment, and your partner must respect it.

Consent must never be taken for granted because of your previous behaviour, the clothes you wear or where you go. Consent must always be communicated with clarity, there must be no room for doubt or mystery. Silence is not consent. And it is not important only the first time you are with someone. Couples who have already had sex or even those who have been together for a long time must also give their consent before starting sexual intercourse, always.

There are laws that indicate who can give consent and who can not. People who are inebriated, drugged or unconscious cannot consent to having sexual intercourse. There are also laws that protect minors (people under the age of 16) against the pressure they may suffer to have sexual intercourse with a person much older than them. The age of consent to sexual activity is the age that a person must be to consider them legally capable of consenting to sexual intercourse.

Adults who have sexual intercourse with people whose age is under the age of consent run the risk of ending up in prison and being registered as sexual aggressors. The age to be able to provide consent to sexual activity in Spain starts at 16 years of age.

What if I know about a situation of sexual violence?

  • Out-of-control situation, get in touch with the support service or call 112.
  • Create a safe space so they can open up to you.
  • Offer to accompany them to ask for help.
  • Remind them that there are professionals who can help.

Sexual violence map

There are those who still believe that women are at the service of men, that women exist because of and for them. And this belief partly influences our social structure, built on inequality and with serious consequences… such as violence.

This map presented by Bizkaia Provincial Council seeks to display the extreme consequences of inequality: the violence suffered by so many women. This map is a visual exercise to understand that this violence is much closer than we think and affects many more women than we believe.

Stories

  • MARIA

    23 years

    After a month going out with a boy from school, one day he asked me to send him a photo without clothes on. I found it a bit cheeky, but given his insistence and promises of love from day one, I thought it could be fun game between the two of us. However, when he received the photos his attitude towards me changed completely, he started calling me a "whore". I was totally confused as he was the one who had asked for them with such insistence, and I had finally given in. From that day onwards it became a nightmare, he created fake profiles on social networks and published my naked photos, even including my telephone number. From that day onwards loads of boys started sending me their nude photos and some even suggested offering me money for sex. I couldn't tell my parents because they didn't even know I was going out with someone. At that moment everything came crashing down. My heart rate accelerated, I didn't know what to do… I called my best friend in desperation to tell her and she accompanied me to the school counsellor to tell her about it. She advised me to report it to the police.

  • DRISSA

    16 years

    The day I turned 12 my mother told me that in the summer we would return to Mali on holiday after 5 years. I knew that my older sisters had gone there on holiday 5 years ago and that when they got there they went through genital mutilation. Since that day I'm very nervous, I can't sleep well and I'm very scared that the same could happen to me. I'm very tired in the mornings at school. On Tuesday my teacher noticed and had a chat with me. I told her everything.

  • MIREN

    26 years

    I was born into a very large family, and we spent many weekends and holidays in our grandparents' house.

    As my parents worked I was often left in the care of my grandmother and grandfather, who had always loved me dearly and taken very good care of me.

    I remember that as a very small child I didn't mind when my grandfather greeted me with a kiss on the mouth, or he played what he called "funny farts" between the legs, but as I grew up it became increasingly unpleasant. I couldn't share it with anyone.

    At the age of 9 I started to develop, and all the adults started making comments about my body, that my breasts were growing, that I was becoming a woman…

    Coinciding with these changes, my grandfather's approaches became increasingly uncomfortable, to the point that I didn't want to go to his house. I couldn't tell anyone.

    One day my mother proposed, as was usual, that I spend the afternoon at my grandparents' house, and for the first time I responded that I didn't want to. That I would prefer to stay at the play centre or that I could even go with her to her job. My mother, surprised, asked why I didn't want to go, and I couldn't answer, I started crying and couldn't stop.

  • RUTH

    43 years

    We've worked together for several years, and the relationship has always been very close. There had never been anything between us except for a working relationship and friendship.

    One day he told me he had separated, that his wife had proposed giving the relationship some time off and that he was having a very rough time.

    After that we have gone out for a drink several times with other colleagues on Friday after work.

    And the truth is that he is drinking a lot and very fast, so when the rest of us have had one beer he is already on his second or third. At these moments I have started to notice that he comes too close and becomes more affectionate than normal.

    No one seems to notice and they all find it funny, colleagues encourage him and tell him he needs to have fun and… well, you know what I mean.

    But I feel increasingly uncomfortable with his approaches, and sometimes I have the feeling that he is harassing me, but the others don't see it…

    He reproaches me, saying that I've been cold towards him for the last few weeks, and I've even said no to going out with the people from work. I feel increasingly isolated and less motivated to work.

  • IRATI

    30 years

    At 05:00 in the morning, I decided to return home on foot, I was very close.

    And a few metres from my home, a man approached me from behind covering my nose and mouth with a handkerchief.

    I lost consciousness after this and woke up in a doorway far from my home. I felt disorientated and didn't know what time it was nor where I was. He was still touching me over my clothes, I was very scared. I managed to scream and kick him, until I managed to escape from his arms and ran while he chased me.

    I found a man passing by in the street and he helped me by calling 112.

    The ambulance took me to the hospital, where I was examined by two gynaecologists. They offered to continue the procedure at the police station, but I was very tired and a patrol accompanied me home, where I had to explain what had happened to my mother.

    The following day I was taken again to the police station to file a report, with the help of a social worker and a lawyer.

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